1. What is the process of converting information into the proper form for transmission?

  • A. Formatting
  • B. Encoding
  • C. Encapsulation

2. Which step of the communication process is concerned with properly identifying the address of the sender and receiver?

  • A. Formatting
  • B. Encoding
  • C. Encapsulation

3. Which three are components of message timing? (Choose three.)

  • A. Flow control
  • B. Sequence numbers
  • C. Access method
  • D. Retransmit time
  • E. Response timeout

4. Which delivery method is used to transmit information to one or more end devices, but not all devices on the network?

  • A. Unicast
  • B. Multicast
  • C. Broadcast

5. BGP and OSPF are examples of which type of protocol?

  • A. Network communication
  • B. Network security
  • C. Routing
  • D. Service discovery

6. Which two protocols are service discovery protocols? (Choose two.)

  • A. DNS
  • B. TCP
  • C. DHCP
  • D. SSH

7. What is the purpose of the sequencing function in network communication?

  • A. To uniquely label transmitted segments of data for proper reassembly by the receiver
  • B. To determine if data is corrupted during transmission
  • C. To ensure data flows at an efficient rate between sender and receiver
  • D. To guarantee delivery of data

8. This protocol is responsible for guaranteeing the reliable delivery of information.

  • A. TCP
  • B. IP
  • C. HTTP
  • D. Ethernet

9. UDP and TCP belong to which layer of the TCP/IP protocol?

  • A. Application
  • B. Transport
  • C. Internet
  • D. Network access

10. Which two protocols belong in the TCP/IP model application layer?

  • A. EIGRP
  • B. DNS
  • C. OSPF
  • D. ICMP
  • E. DHCP

11. Which protocol operates at the network access layer of the TCP/IP model?

  • A. HTTP
  • B. IP
  • C. DNS
  • D. Ethernet

12. Which of the following are protocols that provide feedback from the destination host to the source host regarding errors in packet delivery? (Choose two.)

  • A. IPv4
  • B. TCP
  • C. ICMPv4
  • D. IPv6
  • E. UDP
  • F. ICMPv6

13. A device receives a data link frame with data and processes and removes the Ethernet information. What information would be the next to be processed by the receiving device?

  • A. HTTP at the application layer
  • B. HTML at the application layer
  • C. IP at the internet layer
  • D. UDP at the internet layer

14. Which services are provided by the internet layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite? (Choose three.)

  • A. File Transfer
  • B. Address Resolution
  • C. Routing Protocols
  • D. Messaging
  • E. Ethernet
  • F. Internet Protocol

15. True or false. Standards organizations are usually vendor-neutral.

  • A. True
  • B. False

16. This standards organization is concerned with the Request for Comments (RFC) documents that specify new protocols and update existing ones.

  • A. Internet Society (ISOC)
  • B. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
  • C. Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
  • D. Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)

17. This standards organization is responsible for IP address allocation and domain name management.

  • A. Internet Society (ISOC)
  • B. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
  • C. Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
  • D. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)

18. What types of standards are developed by the Electronics Industries Alliance (EIA)?

  • A. Electric wiring and connectors
  • B. Radio equipment and cell towers
  • C. Video compression and broadband communications
  • D. Voice over IP (VoIP) and satellite communications

19. What is the process of dividing a large data stream into smaller pieces prior to transmission?

  • A. Sequencing
  • B. Duplexing
  • C. Multiplexing
  • D. Segmentation

20. What is the PDU associated with the transport layer?

  • A. Segment
  • B. Packet
  • C. Bits
  • D. Frame

21. Which protocol stack layer encapsulates data into frames?

  • A. Data link
  • B. Transport
  • C. Network
  • D. Application

22. What is the name of the process of adding protocol information to data as it moves down the protocol stack?

  • A. De-encapsulation
  • B. Sequencing
  • C. Segmentation
  • D. Encapsulation

23. True or false? Frames exchanged between devices in different IP networks must be forwarded to a default gateway.

  • A. True
  • B. False

24. True or false? The right-most part of an IP address is used to identify the network that a device belongs to.

  • A. True
  • B. False

25. What is used to determine the network portion of an IPv4 address?

  • A. Subnet mask
  • B. MAC address
  • C. Right-most part of the IP address
  • D. Left-most part of the MAC address

26. Which of the following statements are true regarding network layer and data link layer addresses? (Choose three.)

  • A. Data link layer addresses are logical and network layer addresses are physical.
  • B. Network layer addresses are expressed as 12 hexadecimal digits and data link layer addresses are decimal.
  • C. Network layer addresses are logical and data link addresses are expressed as 12 hexadecimal digits.
  • D. Data link layer addresses are physical and network layer addresses are logical.
  • E. Network layer addresses are either 32 or 128 bits in length.
  • F. Data link layer addresses are 32 bits in length.

27. What is the order of the two addresses in the data link frame?

  • A. Source MAC, destination MAC
  • B. Destination MAC, source IP
  • C. Destination IP, source IP
  • D. Destination MAC, source MAC

28. True or False? Data Link addresses are physical so they never change in the data link frame from source to destination.

  • A. True
  • B. False

29. Which three acronyms/initialisms represent standards organizations? (Choose three.)

  • A. IETF
  • B. MAC
  • C. OSI
  • D. IEEE
  • E. TCP/IP
  • D. IANA

TCP/IP is a protocol stack that contains a lot of other protocols such as HTTP, FTP, and DNS. The TCP/IP protocol stack is required to be used when communicating on the Internet. A MAC address is an address that is burned into an Ethernet network card. OSI is the 7 layer model that is used to explain how networking works.

30. What type of communication will send a message to all devices on a local area network?

  • A. Broadcast
  • B. Unicast
  • C. Multicast
  • D. Allcast

Broadcast communication is a one-to-all communication. A unicast communication is a one-to-one communication. Multicast is a one-to-many communication where the message is delivered to a specific group of hosts. Allcast is not a standard term to describe message delivery.

31. In computer communication, what is the purpose of message encoding?

  • A. To convert information to the appropriate form for transmission
  • B. To interpret information
  • C. To break large messages into smaller frames
  • D. To negotiate correct timing for successful communication

Before a message is sent across a network it must first be encoded. Encoding is the process of converting the data message into another format suitable for transmission across the physical medium. Each bit of the message is encoded into a pattern of sounds, light waves, or electrical impulses depending on the network media over which the bits are transmitted. The destination host receives and decodes the signals in order to interpret the message.

32. Which message delivery option is used when all devices need to receive the same message simultaneously?

  • A. Duplex
  • B. Broadcast
  • C. Multicast
  • D. Unicast

When all devices need to receive the same message simultaneously, the message would be delivered as a broadcast. Unicast delivery occurs when one source host sends a message to one destination host. The sending of the same message from a host to a group of destination hosts is multicast delivery. Duplex communications refers to the ability of the medium to carry messages in both directions.

33.What are two benefits of using a layered network model? (Choose two.)

  • A. It prevents technology in one layer from affecting other layers.
  • B. It speeds up packet delivery.
  • C. It assists in protocol design.
  • D. It prevents designers from creating their own model.
  • E. It ensures a device at one layer can function at the next higher layer.

Some vendors have developed their own reference models and protocols. Today, if a device is to communicate on the Internet, the device must use the TCP/IP model. The benefits of using a layered model are as follows: o assists in protocol design o fosters competition between vendors o prevents a technology that functions at one layer from affecting any other layer o provides a common language for describing network functionality o helps in visualizing the interaction between each layer and protocols between each layer

34. What is the purpose of protocols in data communications?

  • A. Dictating the content of the message sent during communication
  • B. Specifying the device operating systems that will support the communication
  • C. Providing the rules required for a specific type of communication to occur
  • D. Specifying the bandwidth of the channel or medium for each type of communication

Protocols provide rules that define how a message is transmitted across a network. Implementation requirements such as electronic and bandwidth details for data communication are specified by standards. Operating systems are not specified by protocols, but will implement protocols. Protocols determine how and when to send a message but they do not control the contents of a message.

35. Which logical address is used for delivery of data to a remote network?

  • A. Source MAC address
  • B. Destination MAC address
  • C. Destination port number
  • D. Destination IP address

The destination IP address is used for end-to-end delivery of data to a remote network. The destination MAC address is used for delivery on a local network. The destination port number identifies the application that should process the data at the destination. Source addresses identify the sender of the data.

36. What is the general term that is used to describe a piece of data at any layer of a networking model?

  • A. Segment
  • B. Framess
  • C. Protocol data unit
  • D. Packet

The term protocol data unit (PDU) is used to describe a piece of data at any layer of a networking model. A packet is the PDU at the network layer. A frame is the data link layer PDU. A segment is the PDU at the transport layer.

37. Which two protocols function at the internet layer? (Choose two.)

  • A. ICMP
  • B. PPP
  • C. BOOTP
  • D. POP
  • E. IP

ICMP and IP both function at the internet layer, whereas PPP is a network access layer protocol, and POP and BOOTP are application layer protocols.

38. Which layer of the OSI model defines services to segment and reassemble data for individual communications between end devices?

  • A. Network
  • B. Application
  • C. Transport
  • D. Presentation

The OSI model consists of seven layers: application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical. The transport layer defines services to segment, transfer, and reassemble the data for individual communications between the end devices.

39. Which type of communication will send a message to a group of host destinations simultaneously?

  • A. Unicast
  • B. Multicast
  • C. Broadcast
  • D. Anycast

Multicast is a one-to-many communication where the message is delivered to a specific group of hosts. Broadcast communication is a one-to-all communication. A unicast communication is a one-to-one communication. Anycast is an IPv6 term and is the sending of data in a one-to-nearest communication.

40. What process is used to receive transmitted data and convert it into a readable message?

  • A. Encapsulation
  • B. Decoding
  • C. Flow control
  • D. Access control

Decoding is the process of receiving transmitted data and reversing the encoding process to interpret the information. An example is a person that listens to a voicemail and decodes the sounds to understand the received message.

41. What is done to an IP packet before it is transmitted over the physical medium?

  • A. It is tagged with information guaranteeing reliable delivery.
  • B. It is encapsulated into a TCP segment.
  • C. It is encapsulated in a Layer 2 frame.
  • D. It is segmented into smaller individual pieces.

When messages are sent on a network, the encapsulation process works from the top of the OSI or TCP/IP model to the bottom. At each layer of the model, the upper layer information is encapsulated into the data field of the next protocol. For example, before an IP packet can be sent, it is encapsulated in a data link frame at Layer 2 so that it can be sent over the physical medium.

42. What process is used to place one message inside another message for transfer from the source to the destination?

  • A. Decoding
  • B. Access control
  • C. Encapsulation
  • D. Flow control

Encapsulation is the process of placing one message format into another message format. An example is how a packet is placed in its entirety into the data field as it is encapsulated into a frame.

43. A web client is sending a request for a webpage to a web server. From the perspective of the client, what is the correct order of the protocol stack that is used to prepare the request for transmission?

  • A. HTTP, IP, TCP, Ethernet
  • B. Ethernet, IP, TCP, HTTP
  • C. Ethernet, TCP, IP, HTTP
  • D. HTTP, TCP, IP, Ethernet

1. HTTP governs the way that a web server and client interact. 2. TCP manages individual conversations between web servers and clients. 3. IP is responsible for delivery across the best path to the destination. 4. Ethernet takes the packet from IP and formats it for transmission.